home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1995
/
TIME Almanac 1995.iso
/
time
/
010493
/
0104300.000
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-03-27
|
5KB
|
131 lines
<text id=93TT2603>
<title>
Jan. 04, 1993: The Best of 1992:Science
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Jan. 04, 1993 Man of the Year:Bill Clinton
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SCIENCE, Page 60
THE BEST OF 1992
</hdr>
<body>
<p>1. The Big Bang
</p>
<p> Peering back to the edge of time, the Cosmic Background
Explorer satellite took snapshots of light generated nearly 15
billion years ago and found the best evidence yet for the Big
Bang. Peppered throughout the light, COBE found faint hot spots
that were just 30 millionths of a degree warmer than their
surroundings. These anomalies mark places where matter was a bit
denser than average. Without those areas, the matter spewed out
by a Big Bang could never have evolved into galaxies. The next
challenge: finding the invisible "dark matter" that helped shape
the modern universe.
</p>
<p>2. Anti-Cancer Gene
</p>
<p> It sounds like a leftover from World War II, but P53 is
actually the hottest new weapon in the fight against cancer.
Under normal conditions, this gene stops tumor cells from
growing. Whenever DNA is damaged, P53 shuts down a cell's growth
until the error can be fixed. But if the watchdog gene is
disabled, wayward cells can divide unchecked. Although doctors
cannot yet fix a broken P53 gene, they can detect it and thus
diagnose a hidden malignancy.
</p>
<p>3. The Lost City of Ubar
</p>
<p> Two thousand years ago, Ubar--fabled for its
frankincense--sank beneath the Arabian sand. The city was
unearthed last year by archaeologists using pictures taken from
spacecraft. The radar images pierced the dunes to reveal
abandoned caravan routes converging on the city that, according
to legend, God destroyed for its wickedness. Note of caution for
the excavators: an old Arabian saying holds that "anybody who
finds Ubar will go crazy."
</p>
<p>4. Hubble's New Image
</p>
<p> First the Hubble Space Telescope was going to
revolutionize astronomy with its supersharp vision. Then it was
condemned as a $1.5 billion dud when its mirror was found to
have the wrong shape. The latest take: it's not perfect, but
even a nearsighted Hubble is pretty powerful. It has spotted the
most distant clusters of stars ever seen.
</p>
<p>5. The Anti-Smoking Trend
</p>
<p> Concern about the health hazards of tobacco is mounting
around the world. The number of Americans who smoke reached a
record low last year as nonsmokers outnumbered smokers nearly
3 to 1. France adopted a law that restricts smoking in public
places, and China, the world's largest producer and consumer of
tobacco, now bans advertising.
</p>
<p>6. Plastic Plants
</p>
<p> Taking a cue from Rumpelstiltskin, who spun straw into
gold, botanists managed to coax a lowly potted plant into
producing plastic. Using genetic-engineering techniques,
researchers redirected the plant's starch-storing apparatus into
making PHB, a plastic that is biodegradable.
</p>
<p>7. Dinosaur King
</p>
<p> Tyrannosaurus rex may have been knocked off its throne as
the meanest monster of the Mesozoic era. Paleontologists in
Utah uncovered the claw, skull and jawbones of a 7-m (20-ft.),
1-ton beast that is the largest known specimen of a velociraptor--an upright carnivorous dinosaur with a huge claw on the back
of each foot.
</p>
<p>8. Lilliputian Batteries
</p>
<p> With the help of electron microscopes, scientists can now
manipulate atoms as if they were Lego building blocks. In August
researchers at the University of California at Irvine unveiled
the world's smallest battery--a sliver of graphite one
one-hundredth the size of a red blood cell topped with terminals
made of copper and silver atoms. The power output is twenty
one-thousandths of a volt--not enough to keep the Energizer
bunny going and going, but a good start.
</p>
<p>9. The Mammoth Fungus
</p>
<p> It started when some scientists argued that an ancient
fungus, which grows in Michigan and Wisconsin under 12 hectares
(30 acres) of forest, was one gigantic organism. But rather
than establishing an undisputed record for the world's largest
living thing, the claim triggered a new game of one-upmanship.
Soon a bigger Washington fungus was named champ. Then
Coloradans touted a 43-hectare (106-acre) grove of identical
quaking aspens, pictured above, which share the same root
system. What next--a planet-size organism named Gaia?
</p>
<p>10. Milk
</p>
<p> A handful of pediatricians tried to warn parents against
serving milk, even low-fat, on the theory that kale has all the
calcium any child would ever need. But moms and dads wisely
ignored the advice--probably because they know how much kale
a child would eat.
</p>
<p>...AND THE WORST
</p>
<p>Microbes Redux
</p>
<p> Standard treatments proved increasingly ineffective
against new strains of tuberculosis, gonorrhea and malaria. The
comeback of those old scourges compounded the relentlessly grim
news about AIDS, which has struck as many as 1.5 million
people. One ominous sign: that epidemic is now growing almost
as fast in Asia as in Africa.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>